Второй тур президентских выборов во Франции не принёс сенсации. Лидер первого тура социальный либерал Эммануэль Макрон, бывший министр финансов и основатель центристского движения «Вперёд!», добился достаточно убедительной победы. За него проголосовали две трети пришедших к урнам избирателей. Но каждый третий отдал предпочтение крайне правой националистке Марин Ле Пен, фаворитке путинского Кремля.

Особенно весомую роль в победе Макрона сыграли крупные города Франции. В Париже он набрал во втором туре 89,7% голосов. Макрон первенствовал практически во всех департаментах. Сказались и почти единодушная поддержка масс-медиа, и  явно «антинационалистический» настрой французской общественности.

Но говорить о провале Национального фронта и его кандидата вряд ли будет справедливо. «7 мая крайне правые зафиксировали свой новый печальный электоральный рекорд», – констатировал Жан-Кристоф Камбаделис, первый секретарь Французской социалистической партии. За Марин Ле Пен проголосовали более 10,6 млн граждан. Во многих коммунах на крайнем севере Франции она собрала более половины голосов, что очень важно в свете приближающихся парламентских выборов. Отметим также, что хоть по французскому электоральному законодательству «в никуда» ушли голоса «против всех» (белые и недействительные бюллетени), таковых было 11,5% – против всего 2,6% в первом туре. Более 4 млн избирателей специально пришли на участки, чтобы так проголосовать.

Может сложиться впечатление, что речь идёт о лёгкой, своего рода «технической» победе Эммануэля Макрона. Но это не так. Борьба за Елисейский дворец между двумя турами приняла достаточно жёсткий характер. Прав был доктор исторических наук Юрий Рубинский, когда писал, что эта президентская кампания носит «достаточно грязный характер, по образцу американской кампании-2016». В частности, в ходу были открытые личные выпады. Ле Пен, например, заявив, что для французского народа мир финансов всегда был враждебен, добавила: «Теперь Франция знает имя своего врага – Макрон». Экс-банкир не остался в долгу, дав Нацфронту (с его расизмом, ксенофобией и изоляционизмом) имя «Анти-Франция».

«Американизация» французской политики проявляется и в разного рода криминально-судебных сюжетах. Тому подтверждения – снятиее депутатского иммунитета с Марин Ле Пен в Европарламенте или вброс в публичное пространство материалов и писем, хакерски похищенных у команды Эммануэля Макрона.

Естественно, оба кандидата были заинтересованы в получении дополнительной поддержки со стороны менее удачливых соперников. В этом плане большего успеха добился Эммануэль Макрон, хоть и не прилагал для того никаких усилий. В его пользу сработало то, что во Франции называется «республиканской дисциплиной». Большая часть французских политических сил считает Нацфронт партией экстремистской, враждебной ценностям Республики. Дабы не допустить победы «фронтистского» кандидата, они поддерживают во втором туре его оппонента. Кем бы тот ни был.

Подобный «республиканский фронт» сам собой образовался 15 лет назад, когда Жак Ширак во втором туре президентских выборов победил основателя Национального фронта Жан-Мари Ле Пена-старшего. Победил со счётом 81:19. (Заметим, кстати, насколько возросла поддержка националистов за полтора десятилетия.) И тогда, и сегодня эта коалиция оказалась весьма широкой. Только лидер движения «Непокорённая Франция» Жан-Люк Меланшон и троцкисты из «Рабочей борьбы» призвали голосовать против обоих финалистов. Коммунисты, социалисты, «зелёные», Новая антикапиталистическая партия вынужденно поддержали Макрона. Вот что сказал «бронзовый призёр» первого тура Франсуа Фийон из партии «Республиканцы»: «Приход к власти Национального фронта привёл бы Францию на грань катастрофы». Не больше, не меньше. Такие эмблематичные правые политики, как Николя Саркози и Ален Жюппе тоже однозначно поддержали финансиста-либерала.

Но и Марин Ле Пен сумела добиться пусть скромного, но важного политического успеха. Ей удалось пробить брешь в «республиканском фронте». Впервые Нацфронт был поддержан вне крайне правого электората. На стороне Ле Пен выступил Николя Дюпон-Эньян, лидер правопатриотического и суверенистского движения «Вставай, Франция!» За эту солидарность Ле Пен, как известно, пообещала Дюпон-Эньяну пост премьер-министра.

Теперь ясно, что во Франции будет другой премьер. Но какой именно, неизвестно. Новый президент не спешит раскрывать карты. 14 мая Эммануэль Макрон вступит в должность и вот тогда… Не слишком идеологизированный победитель уже пообещал французам, что его правительство «будет и левым, и центристским, и правым».

В любом случае, в середине июня Республику ждут очередные законодательные выборы. Трудно сказать, получит ли движение «Вперёд!» парламентское большинство. Возможно, этого не добьётся ни одна крупная партия. В общем, как гласит старая французская поговорка, «увидим, что придёт».

И последнее, чего нельзя не отметить. Серьёзное внешнеполитическое поражение потерпел правящий режим РФ. Ставка Москвы на Марин Ле Пен не была даже секретом Полишинеля – её поддерживали жарче Трампа. Кремлёвские идеологи уже грезили будущим оплотом авторитарного «духоскрепства» и «франко-русским консервативным союзом», поминая времена Александра III. Избрание Эммануэля Макрона разрушило эти планы. Характерен всплеск антифранцузской ругани в официозном агитпропе. Правда, ругани уже какой-то вяловатой — разочарование не первое.

В этой связи стоит процитировать интересное наблюдение одного из сетевых изданий историко-политического характера: «Забавно (и одновременно — печально), что в стране, где победа над нацизмом возведена в культ, так сильно переживали за кандидата от партии, в создании которой участвовали коллаборационисты и вишисты. Так, в 70-е годы генеральным секретарём этой партии был Виктор Бартелеми. В 1936-м он присоединился к Французской народной партии Жака Дорио, перешедшего на позиции фашизма. Бартелеми занимался формированием Легиона французских добровольцев, воевавшего на Восточном фронте. После войны Бартелеми, осуждённый за коллаборационизм, провёл несколько лет в тюрьме, выйдя из которой он отнюдь не отрёкся от идей фашизма, а продолжил отстаивать их. На протяжении ряда лет 22 февраля — в день, когда смертельное ранение получил Жак Дорио, — Бартелеми с группой ветеранов ФНП приезжал в Германию, чтобы почтить память одного из лидеров французского фашизма на его могиле. Идеология и организационная структура «Национального фронта» во многом формировались под влиянием Бартелеми, продолжавшего традицию партии Жака Дорио. Таковое вот «спасибо деду». Сказано настолько метко, что всякие комментарии представляются излишними.

Жорж Камарад, специально для «В кризис.ру»

225 комментариев для “Макрон-избранник”
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