Некоторые становятся легендами при жизни. И не важно, с каким знаком легенда – «+» или «-». Для кого-то Доктор Зло милее, чем Джеймс Бонд. Борис Березовский был фигурой из этого ряда. Пешка, шедшая в ферзи и рулившая судьбами королей.
67-летнего экс-олигарха – единственного из российских магнатов, которого вся страна знала по имени-отчеству – охранник обнаружил мёртвым ванной его британского дома. Следов насилия вроде не найдено. (Хотя сегодня заговорили о таинственном шарфе, который теоретически мог послужить средством удушения.) Однако полицейские вместе со специалистами по химической, биологической и радиологической безопасности перекрыли все дороги в окрестностях. Искали следы полония? Боялись угрозы заражения жителей? И что за «необъяснимая причина смерти»? Трудности перевода с английского? Ведь симптомы инфаркта – звучит и такая версия – для специалистов общеизвестны. Тем более что совсем недавно Борис Абрамович ездил на лечение в Израиль.
Сразу несколько источников, включая адвоката Александра Добровинского, стали дружно уверять общественность – мы имеем дело с актом суицида. Мол, в последнее время «лондонский сиделец» пребывал в глубочайшей депрессии. Он принимал антидепрессанты, которыми мог передозироваться, и даже проходил курс в клинике Priory. При этом люди, хорошо знавшие Березовского, в один голос повторяют: не такого характера был этот человек, чтобы покончить с собой. Хотя в последние годы нагрузка на его нервную систему выдалась действительно нешуточная.
В 2008 году от сердечного приступа в Лондоне скончался Бадри Патаркацишвили, давний и близкий партнёр Березовского. Никогда в жизни не жаловавшийся на сердце. Была вброшена версия: Патаркацишвили сильно переживал победу его противника Михаила Саакашвили на тогдашних президентских выборах. Но по идее гораздо сильнее он должен был переживать из-за судьбы совместных с Березовским активов.
Вкратце суть такова. В 2000 году Березовский эмигрировал из России в Великобританию, будучи вполне состоятельным человеком. Однако, по его словам, почти сразу же на него с Патаркацишвили началось давление. Требовали продать активы «Сибнефти» и «Русала» ниже рыночной цены. Давил не бандит с улицы, а Роман Абрамович. В качестве пистолета к виску приставили свернутый в трубочку ультиматум: или принимаются условия, или активы экспроприирует государство РФ. Так Борис Абрамович потерял порядка $5,5 млрд.
Другая тема касалась передачи финансов Березовского в управление Патаркацишвили. Без всяких формальностей, чисто на понятиях. «Слово купца – золотое слово». После смерти Бадри Шалвовича вернуть активы от наследников не удалось. Осталось что-то вроде обиды на покойного, который явно управлял не в том формате, о котором была договорённость.
С Романом АбрамОвичем у Бориса АбрАмовича получилось в итоге ещё жёстче. Высокий суд Лондона отказал Березовскому в удовлетворении исковых требований. И при этом он обнародовал мотивировочную часть решения о неубедительности позиции истца, отсутствии подтверждающих документов, сомнительности привлечённых свидетелей. Березовского подвели даже самые надежные — тот же Михаил Черной отказался давать показания. Не исключено, что находящийся в международном розыске по ордеру испанского суда предприниматель решил не обострять ситуацию в преддверии процесса с Олегом Дерипаской.
Березовский заявил, что его вера в британское правосудие подорвана. Он собирался обсудить с юристами возможность обжалования вердикта. Но делать ничего не стал. Только расплатился с адвокатами, потеряв и на этом достаточно крупные деньги.
Как в плохой пьеске, не обошлось и без женщин. Дело о компенсации гражданской жене Березовского Елене Горбуновой слушалось в закрытом режиме. На кону стояли 200 млн фунтов стерлингов, замороженных по запросу Горбуновой. Женщина, которая прожила с Березовским 20 лет, требовала с него на содержание двоих детей. Березовский, только что проигравший Абрамовичу, не спешил удовлетворять очередные финансовые претензии. Даже на сравнительно небольшие суммы. В итоге «заморозка» осталась в силе, но в сильно усеченном состоянии. Эти убытки не шли ни в какое сравнение с рекордным разводом с Галиной Бешаровой, которая в 2011 году получила в качестве отступных от 165 до 220 млн фунтов стерлингов.
Всё это лишь часть невзгод, свалившихся на Березовского. В России его проблема были куда тяжелее. Он был заочно осуждён за мошенничество, отмывание денег и даже за попытку «насильственного захвата власти». Только обвинение в махинациях с деньгами «Аэрофлота» потянуло на шесть лет. При этом стоит заметить, что покойный никогда не занимал в авиакомпании никаких постов.
Такая серия нокаутирующих ударов могла сломить кого угодно. Видимо, у него действительно стало туго с деньгами. Иначе не пришлось бы увольнять помощников и телохранителей, продавать недвижимость и произведения искусства, а также просить у Михаила Черного $50 млн на карманные расходы. Многие недоумевали – как такое могло случиться с легендарным миллиардером? И тут следует вспомнить о некоторых чертах характера Бориса Абрамовича. Помогавших в лихой карьере 1990-х и стабильно добивавших в 2000-е.
Бывшего советского мэнээса и российского первоолигарха характеризовали два качества: драйвный азарт и абсолютное непонимание людей. Поначалу у него получалось всё – и комбинации с ЛогоВАЗом, и афера с «Автомобильным всероссийским альянсом», и раскрутка Общественного российского телевидения под собственную пропаганду, и работа в «Сибнефти». А главное – политический лоббизм, создающий более всего ценимое им могущество. Кажется, не деньги, а именно мишура публичных «понтов», положение всевластного демона было для него главным побудительным мотивом. В политике он был достаточно беспринципен, боролся не столько за идею или проект, сколько за собственную роль в них. Во второй половине 1990-х такое могло быть эффективно. В следующее десятилетие ужесточение контроля над обществом и дисциплинирование правящей элиты стали главными трендами. А Березовский с его «отмороженностью» – главным жупелом.
Он сыграл важную роль в изгибе хода российской истории. Когда Борис Абрамович надрывно кается за то, что «сделал Путина президентом», он лукавит. Это произошло даже не в 1999 году. А в 1997-м – когда решив наказать за непослушание Анатолия Чубайса (тот продал «Связьинвест» не ему), организовал тотальный информпогром, опрокинувший либеральную команду. Немало сделал он и в провоцировании дефолта 1998 года — опять-таки, за то, что его не послушались при назначении очередного премьера. С этого момента стал предопределён скорый приход во власть силовиков под государственническими штандартами. И падение самого Березовского.
Оказавшись в эмиграции и карикатурной оппозиции, он проваливал все свои антипутинские проекты. Его эффективность, как выяснилось, основывалась на близости к власти. Сам же по себе Борис Абрамович был весьма средним менеджером. Будь то в политике или в финансовом бизнесе. Наступила тяжкая усталость без авторитета, а потом и без денег Березовский ударился в эпистолярный жанр. Больше ничего не осталось.
Наверное, вечной загадкой останется история с двумя письмами Березовского. Об одном из них настойчиво говорит пресс-секретарь президента РФ. Мол, два месяца назад Березовский прислал Путину государства собственноручно написанное послание, в котором просил разрешения вернуться на родину и прощения за свои ошибки. «Многие верят». Другие вчитываются в строки «Покаяния Бориса Березовского» перед народом России. Для этого он даже специально создал аккаунт в Facebook,. Главный посыл: «Я не ведал, что творил». В пылу «реализации проектов» забывал о простых людях. А главное забыл о том, что люди непростые сами ничего не забывают.
Это был завершающий аккорд. Всё сказанное до того – об идеалистическом подходе к построению демократии в России, о криминальном государстве, которое удалось создать, но не удалось разрушить – уже менее важно. Он умер, хотя бы частично осознав ошибки. На которых обучатся другие.
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I have observed that online degree is getting preferred because accomplishing your degree online has developed into a popular choice for many people. A large number of people have certainly not had a possibility to attend a conventional college or university but seek the raised earning potential and career advancement that a Bachelor Degree gives you. Still some others might have a qualification in one course but would wish to pursue something they now have an interest in.
Today, I went to the beach with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said «You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.» She put the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!
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