«Евгений Александрович отошёл в вечность» – эту весть сообщил миру Михаил Моргулис, друг Евгения Евтушенко. Выдающийся русский поэт скончался от остановки сердца в американском городе Талса. Последней просьбой Евтушенко было не отменять концерты, запланированные к его 85-летнему юбилею 18 июля. Он также выразил желание быть похороненным в подмосковном Переделкино, рядом с Борисом Пастернаком.
Евгений Евтушенко родился в 1932 году на станции Зима в Иркутской области. Его родители работали геологами. При этом отец – Александр Рудольфович – писал стихи, мать – Зинаида Ивановна – во время войны была солисткой фронтовой концертной бригады.
Первые стихи 17-летнего Евгения Евтушенко были опубликованы в 1949 году. Его юношеская поэзия была проникнута «гражданским сознанием» в том смысле, который вкладывался в это понятие в сталинском СССР. В 1952-м он стал самым молодым членом тогдашнего Союза писателей. Однако революционная страсть стихов Евтушенко – в духе раннего, ещё романтического большевизма – выглядела несколько «несвоевременной» в консервативно-бюрократическом государстве начала 1950-х.
Творческий расцвет Евгения Евтушенко пришёлся на период «Хрущёвской оттепели». Он стал одним из флагманов литературы и общественного движения «шестидесятников». Поэзия Евтушенко органично соединяла образы человека с образами времени, вечные темы жизни, любви, дружбы, борьбы – с реалиями исторических эпох. Таковы поэмы «Братская ГЭС», «Казанский университет», «Под кожей статуи Свободы», «Голубь в Сантьяго», «Фуку», стихотворения «Бабий Яр», «Итальянские слёзы», «Любовь по-португальски», «Рождество в Ханое», «Барселонские улочки», лирическая зарисовка «Шутливое», поэтическое эссе «Детство – это село Краснощёково». Евгению Евтушенко принадлежит хрестоматийное выражение «Поэт в России больше, чем поэт» – первая строка «Братской ГЭС».
Евтушенко всегда оставался официально признанным советским поэтом, не вступал в политические конфликты, не принадлежал к диссидентам. Но его стихи, утверждавшие вечные ценности и талантливо прославлявшие русское освободительное движение, объективно звучали «крамолой». Даже если речь шла о Стеньке Разине («На царе от этих чёртовых глаз зябко шапка Мономаха затряслась»), Ленине («Арестованным быть – признанье государством твоих заслуг») или декабристах («Вы не дорожили головою, и за доблесть вечный вам почёт»). Вполне определённые ассоциации с советской действительностью навевали строки об Афанасии Щапове: «Он, забавя упившийся сброд, декламировал с чувством Кольцова, пробуждая дремавший народ». Описание кончины Лобачевского: «Есть у всех умирающих прихоти, и он шепчет, попа отстраня…» – звучит крамолой сегодня.
Важное место в творчестве Евгения Евтушенко занимал антисталинизм, хотя и с «истинно-ленинских» позиций. Его стихи о маоистском Китае («В аду казарменного рая, где заморочили народ») или франкистской Испании («Исчезал по причинам техническим и опять возникал генерал») тоже побуждали к сопоставлениям.
Очень характерно, что стихи Евтушенко «осветляли» для мира имидж Советского Союза. Этим эффективно пользовалось культурные инстанции номенклатуры. По некоторым данным, Евгений Евтушенко имел прямой телефон председателя КГБ Юрия Андропова для экстренных согласований – его резкие выступления за границей проходили цензуру на высшем уровне. Это позволило Евтушенко посетить десятки стран мира ещё в 1970-е годы. Среди его иностранных собеседников были такие фигуры, как Роберт Кеннеди.
«Вторым пришествием» Евгения Евтушенко как общественного деятеля стала эпоха Перестройки, особенно период 1985–1989 годов. Он был избран на Съезд народных депутатов СССР, состоял в Межрегиональной депутатской группе. Его выступления воодушевляли радикальных сторонников Михаила Горбачёва. Например, по инициативе депутата Евтушенко Первый Съезд спонтанно проголосовал за отмену чиновной привилегии – «депутатских залов» (правда, эти залы всё равно не были закрыты). В декабре 1989-го Евтушенко произнёс яркую прочувственную речь о преждевременном уходе из жизни академика Андрея Сахарова.
В Августе 1991 года он поддерживал президента России Бориса Ельцина. Он прошёл серьёзную мировоззренческую эволюцию, отбросив прежние большевистские пристрастия. Но вскоре Евтушенко заключил контракт с Университетом Талсы в американском штате Оклахома и перебрался за океан. С тех пор он постоянно жил в США. Регулярно откликался на российские события – например, написал стихотворение с призывом поддержать президента Ельцина против коммуниста Зюганова на выборах 1996 года («Ленина когда-то верный внук, счастлив, что отбился я от рук»). Временами приезжал в Россию. Однако новые реалии родины оказались тяжелы для поэта-шестидесятника.
Многие почитатели Евтушенко откликнулись на его смерть публикациями в соцсетях его стихотворений. Особое место среди них занимает «Танки идут по Праге» – яростный поэтический протест против подавления «Пражской весны», написанный 23 августа 1968 года и не публиковавшийся почти четверть века. Подчёркивается актуальность этих стихов – «Страх – это хамства основа. Охотнорядские хари, вы – это помесь Ноздрёва и человека в футляре» – в контексте современных событий.
«Старость – это село Усталово, Понимаево, Неупрёково, Забывалово, Зарасталово и – не дай нам Бог – Одиноково» – писал Евгений Евтушенко. Бог его миловал. Такого с ним не случилось. Одинок он не был никогда.
[…] КГБ и членом Политбюро, Юрий Владимирович дал Евгению Евтушенко свой прямой телефон ― согласовывать вольнолюбивые […]
[…] эти люди увлеклись кастроидной «романтикой» (как советский поэт Евтушенко: «Фидель, возьми меня к себе!»). Однако встречались в […]
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[…] их учил ходить по людям – он» – написал задумавшийся Евгений Евтушенко. 27 марта объявляется «бериевская амнистия» – […]
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