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Скончался пир Гейлани – лидер «либеральных» моджахедов

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Янв 23, 2017 #Афганистан, #кончина, #Моджахеды, #Саид Ахмед Гейлани

Из Кабула поступило сообщение о кончине Саида Ахмеда Гейлани – авторитетного мусульманского шейха и крупного афганского политика. В 1980-х годах, во время Афганской войны, Гейлани был одним из ведущих лидеров антикоммунистического моджахедского движения. Партия Национальный исламский фронт Афганистана, основанная Гейлани, выступала за демократическое развитие страны, против коммунизма и исламского фундаментализма.

Саид Ахмед Гейлани происходил из рода суфийского святого Абдул-Кадира, причисляемого к потомкам пророка Мухаммеда. Сам он родился в 1932 году на востоке Афганистана. Окончил богословский факультет Кабульского университета. Перенял от своего отца шейхство в суфийском тарикате Кадирий. (Тарикат – мусульманский приблизительный аналог христианского ордена.) Титуловался как пир.

Гейлани занимался также бизнесом, работал дилером французской автомобильной компании Peugeot. Был связан с королевской семьёй Афганистана, обладал политическим влиянием. Гейлани был сторонником модернизации страны на исламской основе с заимствованием некоторых западных институтов.

В 1978 году в Афганистане произошёл государственный переворот. К власти пришла марксистская партия НДПА. Установился просоветский коммунистический режим. На следующий год Саид Ахмед Гейлани бежал в Пакистан, где создал Национальный исламский фронт Афганистана (НИФА). Эта организация выступала за возвращение на трон короля Захир-шаха. НИФА располагал наибольшим влиянием среди афганских беженцев в Пакистане. Этому способствовал религиозный авторитет Гейлани как почитаемого пира.

НИФА являлся самым светским, прозападным и «либеральным» из моджахедских движений. Фронт отвергал не только коммунизм, но и исламский фундаментализм. В знаменитой «Пешаварской семёрке» (коалиция моджахедских организаций) союзником НИФА являлось Исламское общество Афганистана Бурхануддина Раббани и Ахмад Шаха Масуда, Фронт входил с ними в Северный альянс. Труднее всего складывались отношения с фундаменталистской Исламской партией Афганистана, возглавляемой бывшим коммунистом Гульбеддином Хекматиаром.

В 1980-е годы НИФА активно участвовал в Афганской войне против СССР и режима НДПА. Саид Ахмед Гейлани являлся политическим руководителем. Военные формирования НИФА возглавлял полковник афганской королевской армии Абдул Рахим Вардак. Наибольшую активность отряды НИФА развивали в восточных провинциях. 2 июня 1985 года Абдул Рахим Вардак представлял афганских моджахедов на международной конференции антикоммунистических партизан Джамбори. Гейлани участвовал во всех объединительных мероприятиях афганской вооружённой оппозиции, состоял в моджахедском «переходном правительстве».

В 1989 году советские войска покинули Афганистан. 28 апреля 1992 года моджахеды вступили в Кабул, режим НДПА пал. Саид Ахмед Гейлани стал членом нового правительства, но моджахедское единство быстро распалось. Из-за конфликта с Раббани и Масудом лидер НИФА вынужден был отказаться от государственных постов. После 1996 года Гейлани был противником исламистской диктатуры «Талибана».

В первой половине 2000-х, после свержения талибов, Саид Ахмед Гейлани принимал участие в формировании новой государственной системы Афганистана. Он был сторонником национального примирения, включения умеренных талибов в национальную политику. НИФА преобразовался в политическую партию. Гейлани высказывался за реставрацию монархии, но поддержал республиканскую администрацию Хамида Карзая и выступал за сохранение американского присутствия в Афганистане. Он возглавлял государственное учреждение Высший совет мира, занятое урегулирование внутриафганских военно-политических конфликтов. Абдул Рахим Вардак занимал в правительстве Карзая пост министра обороны.

Саид Ахмед Гейлани был женат, имел пятерых детей. Его сын Саид Хамид – преемник в руководстве НИФА, депутат верхней палаты афганского парламента. Другой сын, Саид Мохаммед – известный дипломат, бывший афганский посол в Иордании. Дочери Фатима, Марьям и Захра известны общественной и благотворительной деятельностью.

Скончался Саид Ахмед Гейлани 21 января 2017 года. Смерть наступила от сердечного приступа в одной из больниц Кабула.

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