Премьер-министр России Владимир Путин побывал сегодня с рабочей поездкой в Петербурге. В здании администрации Южной ТЭЦ-22 под его руководством прошло совещание. Тема формулировалась как «Итоги деятельности топливно-энергетического комплекса в 2010 году и задачи на 2011 год».
Совещание носило более чем представительный характер. Участвовали вице-премьер Игорь Сечин, министр энергетики Сергей Шматко, представители других министерств, ведущие топ-менеджеры российских энергетических и машиностроительных компаний. Обсуждалось текущее положение дел в ТЭКе и перспективы энергохозяйственных отраслей.
4, 1 триллиона рублей получил в минувшем году российский бюджет от нефтегазовой сферы. Это около половины всех бюджетных поступлений. Названная главой правительства цифра определила тональность совещания. Однако она не была единственной.
В октябре 2010 года среднесуточная добыча нефти вышла на максимальный уровень за весь постсоветский период: 1,4 миллиона тонн. В целом же Россия вышла по нефтедобыче на первое место в мире: 505 миллионов тонн. Более половины этого объёма ушло на экспорт — 246,8 миллионов. Структура нефтеэкспорта изменилась — в Западную Европу поставлено меньше, зато в страны Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона он возрос почти в полтора раза.
Суммарный объём добычи газа составил в минувшем году 650 миллиардов кубических метров (уровень 2009 года превышен на 11,5%). Выработан миллиард кВт/ч электроэнергии (4,3%-ный рост), на 3,7% вырос отпуск тепла ТЭЦ.
Попутно глава правительства ознакомился с новым оборудованием Южной ТЭЦ-22. Премьеру показали парогазовый энергоблок, который сейчас находится в стадии пусконаладочных работ. Южная ТЭЦ обеспечивает электрической и тепловой энергией промышленные предприятия, жилые дома и общественные здания Московского, Фрунзенского и Невского районов Петербурга, в зоне её обслуживания находятся около 900 тысяч человек. Пуск нового парогазового блока увеличит электрическую мощность станции с 750 до 1200 МВт. В таком режиме она должна заработать уже до конца первого квартала 2011 года.
Реализация проекта позволит устранить дефицит электроэнергии в Петербурге и Ленобласти, снимет экологическую нагрузку на воздушный бассейн города и даст мощный импульс к развитию промышленно-делового комплекса в районе КАД.
Не обошлось и без громких заявлений. Владимир Путин поручил Федеральной антимонопольной службе (ФАС) незамедлительно начинать антимонопольные расследования по любым фактам необоснованного завышения цен на топливо. По его словам, Министерство энергетики РФ и другие ведомства сейчас ведут работу по стабилизации цен на рынке нефтепродуктов, взаимодействуют с нефтяными компаниями, однако действовать нужно активнее, чтобы навести порядок в этой сфере.
В доказательство премьер напомнил, что в 2010 году рост цен на дизельное топливо составил более 35%, причём, по данным Минэнерго и ФАС, более 50% увеличения цены приходится на т.н. «фактор роста спроса». Именно этим, по словам Путина, объясняют рост цен представители нефтяных компаний. Однако он с ними не согласен – не исключено, что причиной ценовых скачков становится банальное стремление извлечь максимальную прибыль.
Премьер также поручил ФАС подготовить предложения по созданию биржевого комитета, который будет заниматься системным мониторингом ценовой ситуации на внутреннем рынке нефтепродуктов. Нефтеперерабатывающим заводам предстоит согласовывать с Минэнерго и Ростехнадзором планы текущих ремонтных и регламентных работ — чтобы не останавливались производства и не срывались поставки.
Впечатляет быстрота реакции, проявленная антимонопольщиками. В самое ближайшее время ожидается решение, возбуждать ли «третью волну» антимонопольных дел против нефтяников. Почва уже подготовлена — глава ФАС Игорь Артемьев ранее высказывал обеспокоенность текущим повышением цен на бензин. По его мнению, цены не должны быть такими высокими ни на биржах, ни на бензоколонках.
Что интересно, практически одновременно с совещанием на Южной ТЭЦ, в контексте топливной темы выступило министерство экономического развития и торговли РФ. От него последовало предложение удерживать дефицит бюджета после 2015 года на уровне около 2%. В МЭРТе считают это необходимым для реализации стратегии инновационного развития. По словам министра Эльвиры Набиуллиной, его задачи требуют переориентации бюджета после 2013 года.
На сегодняшний день министерство разработало два варианта долгосрочного прогноза: «сырьевой» и «инновационный». Первый учитывает возможность выхода на бездефицитный бюджет к 2015 году и (с учётом нынешних цен на нефть) требует резкого урезания некоторых расходов. Отсюда закладываемый в бюджет умеренный дефицит.
Заявление министра симптоматично. Ни для кого не секрет, что в настоящее время Россия живет за счёт нефтегазовой ренты. Собственно, глава правительства на петербургском совещании ещё раз констатировал это. В правительстве уже давно говорят о диверсификации экономики, об избавлении от сырьевой зависимости, однако пока на этом пути делаются лишь первые шаги. Тем временем вице-премьер и министр финансов РФ Алексей Кудрин недавно предупредил: потенциал роста благосостояния населения за счет цен на нефть исчерпан. Стране нужны новые импульсы роста.
Такая вот дилемма – все вроде понимают, что без внедрения инноваций Россия скатывается в «третий мир», но привычка к «нефтяной игле», если исходить из реального положения дел, никак не отпускает…
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